Cesarean Section

Cesarean section, commonly known as C-section, is a surgical procedure used to deliver a baby through incisions made in the mother's abdomen and uterus. This procedure may be planned in advance (elective cesarean) due to medical indications or may be performed urgently during labor when complications arise that make vaginal delivery unsafe for mother or baby. Approximately 30-32% of births in the United States are by cesarean section, making it one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures.

Indications for cesarean delivery can be maternal, fetal, or related to labor complications. Maternal indications include previous cesarean with certain types of uterine scars, placenta previa (placenta covering the cervix), placental abruption, active genital herpes infection, certain medical conditions that make labor dangerous, or maternal request in some circumstances. Fetal indications include breech presentation, multiple gestation in certain circumstances, fetal distress, or suspected fetal macrosomia (very large baby) in diabetic mothers. Labor-related indications include failure to progress in labor, cephalopelvic disproportion (baby's head too large for the pelvis), or cord prolapse.

The cesarean procedure typically takes 45-60 minutes and is usually performed under spinal or epidural anesthesia, allowing the mother to remain awake during delivery. The surgeon makes an incision in the lower abdomen (usually horizontal) and then in the uterus to deliver the baby. After delivery, the placenta is removed, and the incisions are carefully repaired in layers. Most cesarean deliveries are uneventful, but as with any surgery, there are potential risks including bleeding, infection, blood clots, injury to nearby organs, adverse reactions to anesthesia, and increased risks for future pregnancies.

Recovery from cesarean delivery is longer than from vaginal delivery, typically requiring 2-4 days in the hospital and 6-8 weeks for complete recovery. Initial recovery involves pain management, gradual mobilization, monitoring for complications, and support with breastfeeding and newborn care. Post-operative care includes incision care, activity restrictions, and follow-up appointments to ensure proper healing. Our comprehensive approach includes thorough pre-operative counseling, expert surgical care, and supportive post-operative management to ensure the best possible outcomes for both mother and baby.