Emergency Contraception

Emergency contraception refers to contraceptive methods used after unprotected sexual intercourse or contraceptive failure to prevent unintended pregnancy. Also known as the "morning-after pill," emergency contraception is most effective when used as soon as possible after exposure, though it can be used up to several days later depending on the specific method. It's important to understand that emergency contraception is not intended for routine contraceptive use but rather as a backup method for emergency situations.

There are several types of emergency contraception available. The most commonly used is the levonorgestrel pill (available over-the-counter), which is most effective when taken within 72 hours but can be used up to 120 hours after unprotected intercourse. Ulipristal acetate is a prescription emergency contraceptive that is more effective than levonorgestrel and can be used up to 120 hours after intercourse. The copper IUD can also be used as emergency contraception when inserted within 5 days of unprotected intercourse and has the advantage of providing ongoing contraception.

Emergency contraception works primarily by delaying or preventing ovulation, thereby preventing fertilization. If ovulation has already occurred, the effectiveness decreases significantly. These medications do not cause abortion and will not terminate an existing pregnancy. The effectiveness of emergency contraception decreases with time, which is why it's crucial to use it as soon as possible after unprotected intercourse. Levonorgestrel is approximately 89% effective when used within 72 hours, while ulipristal acetate maintains higher effectiveness for a longer period.

Side effects of emergency contraception are generally mild and may include nausea, vomiting, fatigue, headache, dizziness, breast tenderness, and changes in the timing of the next menstrual period. These effects are typically short-lived. Emergency contraception may be less effective in women with higher body weight, and alternative methods or higher doses may be recommended. It's important to follow up with a healthcare provider after using emergency contraception to discuss ongoing contraceptive options and ensure the method was effective. Our clinic provides confidential access to emergency contraception and counseling about all available options.