Vaginal Yeast Infection

Vaginal yeast infections, also known as vaginal candidiasis, are one of the most common gynecological conditions affecting women, with approximately 75% of women experiencing at least one episode during their lifetime. These infections are caused by an overgrowth of Candida species, most commonly Candida albicans, which normally exists in small amounts in the vaginal environment. When the delicate balance of vaginal flora is disrupted, yeast can multiply rapidly, leading to uncomfortable symptoms.

The classic symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection include intense vaginal itching, burning sensation, thick white cottage cheese-like discharge, and pain during urination or sexual intercourse. Some women may also experience vulvar swelling, redness, and irritation. These symptoms can range from mild to severe and may significantly impact quality of life and intimate relationships. It's important to note that not all vaginal discharge or itching is caused by yeast infections, making proper diagnosis essential.

Several factors can predispose women to yeast infections, including antibiotic use, pregnancy, diabetes, immunocompromised states, hormonal changes, tight-fitting clothing, and douching. Women with recurrent infections (four or more episodes per year) may have underlying risk factors that need to be addressed. Diagnosis is typically made through clinical examination and microscopic examination of vaginal discharge, though culture testing may be necessary in recurrent or complicated cases.

Treatment options for vaginal yeast infections include over-the-counter and prescription antifungal medications available in various forms such as creams, suppositories, and oral tablets. Single-dose oral fluconazole is often preferred for its convenience, while topical treatments may be recommended for pregnant women. For recurrent infections, longer treatment courses or maintenance therapy may be necessary. Prevention strategies include wearing breathable cotton underwear, avoiding douching, and maintaining good hygiene practices.